Environmental Activism in India: Legal Challenges and the Influence of Youth-Led Climate Movements

. 

Title: Environmental Activism in India: Legal Challenges and the Influence of Youth-Led Climate Movements. 

**Author:- Nupoor chakravarti, a Student of K.G. Shah law school, mumbai

In a world increasingly defined by environmental concerns, India stands as a nation at the forefront of a burgeoning environmental activism movement. This vast and diverse country has recently witnessed a surge in environmental consciousness, driven primarily by the youthful determination to secure a sustainable future. 

Environmental activism in India boasts a storied history, with prominent figures such as Medha Patkar and Vandana Shiva leaving indelible marks. Nevertheless, recent years have borne witness to a shift towards a more youth-centric approach. Young activists, both globally - exemplified by Greta Thunberg - and within India - with the likes of Ridhima Pandey and Licypriya Kangujam - have emerged as potent voices advocating for climate action. These young advocates resonate with a growing number of individuals deeply concerned about the deteriorating state of the environment.

Perhaps one of the most formidable challenges faced by environmental activists in India is the legal battle they wage against formidable and influential adversaries. Industries and corporations, driven by profit margins, frequently prioritize economic interests over environmental conservation, leading to deforestation, pollution, and habitat destruction. Activists who raise their voices against such practices often find themselves subjected to legal harassment and, at times, even physical threats. This troubling trend imperils the very foundations of democratic discourse and environmental advocacy.

A poignant example that underscores these challenges is the case of Rachna Dhingra, an environmental activist in Bhopal. Dhingra has dedicated herself to seeking justice for the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy, one of the world's most catastrophic industrial disasters. Her legal battles have been protracted and arduous, fraught with threats and intimidation. Such instances serve as stark reminders of the immense courage required to confront powerful entities in the pursuit of environmental justice.

Another pressing legal challenge is the misuse of archaic laws such as Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code, which pertains to sedition. This colonial-era legislation has been wielded against activists who dare to voice dissent against government policies or corporate interests, stifling the freedom of speech and rendering environmental activism a perilous endeavor. The misapplication of such laws represents a severe affront to the democratic principles that India cherishes.

Despite these formidable legal obstacles, the resilience and influence of youth-led climate movements in India are undeniable. Notably, the "Fridays for Future" movement, spearheaded by young activists like Licypriya Kangujam, has gained remarkable traction across Indian cities. Students and young advocates have taken to the streets, demanding climate action and holding those in power accountable.

What sets these youth-led movements apart is their adept utilization of social media and technology. Platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook have become powerful tools for mobilizing support and disseminating awareness. It is heartening to witness how a single tweet or a viral video can galvanize thousands to join the cause. The influence of social media has granted a voice to the marginalized and amplified the message of environmental conservation.

Moreover, youth-led climate movements in India have catalyzed concrete changes in policy-making. The climate strikes and protests have compelled the government to acknowledge the climate crisis as a matter of paramount importance. In 2019, the Indian government initiated the National Clean Air Programme, a commendable step aimed at reducing air pollution. However, it is imperative to recognize that more robust and comprehensive policies are indispensable in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change.

India's environmental activists and youth-led climate movements are instrumental in the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. Despite the formidable legal challenges they confront, their passion, resilience, and adept use of technology have led to heightened awareness and significant policy shifts. These movements serve as a beacon of hope, inspiring us all to shoulder the responsibility of safeguarding our planet's future. The collective efforts of these activists underscore that environmental conservation is not merely an option but an imperative for the well-being of our planet and the generations to come.